Замена масла в гидравлике: Правила замены масла в гидросистеме, инструкция

Замена масла в гидравлической системе и чистка фильтра подачи масла — Библиотека | Запчасти для экскаваторов с оперативной доставкой

Это процедура должна осуществляться каждые 2 000 моточасов, т.  е. через каждые  8–9 месяцев ежедневной активной эксплуатации Вашей машины, или через год работы в неинтенсивном режиме.

Внимание!  Масло в механизме разогрето до опасно высоких температур и находится под давлением, поэтому, прежде чем приступить к замене, дайте маслу остыть.

 

Для замены понадобятся:

•  масло для замены;
•  пустая ёмкость адекватного объёма;
•  гаечный ключ.

 

Для начала Вам необходимо развернуть верхнюю часть машины так, чтобы пробка слива масла оказалась между левой и правой гусеницами. Теперь отведите цилиндры рукояти и ковша до предела рабочего хода, после чего опустите стрелу, чтобы зубья ковша соприкасались с землей, опустите на землю отвал и остановите двигатель.

Теперь можно приступать непосредственно к замене масла.

Для этого нужно снять крышку бака и выкрутить пробку маслоналивной горловины. Приготовленную ёмкость необходимо  установить под отверстием для слива масла (если масло прольётся на пол бокса, его будет очень сложно убрать, а портить экологию при замене масла «на воздухе» и вовсе не стоит).

Снимите пробку отверстия слива масла и удалите отработанное масло. Пока масло сливается, проверьте состояние кольцевого уплотнителя пробки. Если уплотнитель «устал», его лучше заменить: негерметичная система вряд ли порадует Вас бесперебойной работой. Затем верните пробку на место, хорошенько её затянув.

Теперь нужно извлечь сетчатый фильтр подачи масла. Для этого необходимо раскрутить хомут рукава и снять крепления. Загрязненный элемент фильтра нужно промыть в очищенной солярке или бензине и тщательно осмотреть. Если на фильтре есть какие-либо повреждения, то настоятельно рекомендуем его сменить. Если же всё в порядке, очищенный элемент следует установить, затем  собрать механизм.

Остаётся только налить новое масло, проверить его уровень на боковом уровнемере и создать давление в гидравлическом баке, для чего необходимо выдвинуть на полную длину цилиндры стрелы, рукояти и ковша, снять пробку маслоналивной горловины, затем поставить её на место и движением механизма создать давление внутри бака.  Дайте машине поработать пару минут на холостом ходу. После этого ваш экскаватор готов к работе.

Да, учтите, что, в том случае если машина снабжена гидравлическим молотом, масло работает более интенсивно, и поэтому его замену требуется проводить вдвое чаще (см. график).

 

Рекомендация. В качестве рабочей жидкости для гидравлической системы Вашей машины рекомендуем использовать гидравлические масла вязкостью ISO VG 32, 46, 68, выбирая нужную в зависимости от температурных условий эксплуатации Вашей машины.

90000 One Thing You MUST Do BEFORE You Change Your Hydraulic Oil 90001 90002 90003 Log In 90004 90003 Register 90004 90003 Search 90004 90009 90002 90003 Fluid Power Basics 90004 90003 Hydraulic Valves 90004 90003 Hydraulic Pumps & Motors 90004 90003 Cylinders and Actuators 90004 90003 Directories 90004 90003 Resources 90004 90003 Experts 90004 90009 90002 90003 Manufacturers Directory 90004 90003 Distributors Directory 90004 90003 Blogs 90004 90003 Equipment Product Directory 90004 90003 Basics of Design 90004 90003 Design FAQs 90004 90003 Webinars 90004 90003 White Papers 90004 90003 Wall Charts 90004 90003 eNewsletter Subscription 90004 90003 Magazine Subscription 90004 90003 About Us 90004 90003 Contact Us 90004 90003 Advertise 90004 90003 Contribute 90004 90003 Content Licensing 90004 90003 Privacy & Cookie Policy 90004 90003 Terms of Service 90004 90009 Facebook iconTwitter iconLinkedIn icon 90064 Recent 90065 90066 Common Modes of Failure for Hydraulic Piston Pumps 90067 90064 Jul 09, 2020 90065 Hydraulic Pumps & Motors 90066 Industrial Transformation: An Industrial Control Company Shifts During the Pandemic 90067 90064 Jul 09, 2020 90065 Community 90066 Product Blitz: Stay on Top of Innovations 90067 90064 Jul 08, 2020 90065 Gallery 90066 Growing a Business in the Time of COVID-19 90067 90064 Jul 02, 2020 90065 Cylinders & Actuators 90066 A New 3D Approach to Remote Engineering in the Post-Pandemic World 90067 90064 Jul 01, 2020 90065 Community 90064 Featured 90065 90066 Common Modes of Failure for Hydraulic Piston Pumps 90067 90064 Jul 09, 2020 90065 Hydraulic Pumps & Motors 90066 Industrial Transformation: An Industrial Control Company Shifts During the Pandemic 90067 90064 Jul 09, 2020 90065 Community 90066 Product Blitz: Stay on Top of Innovations 90067 90064 Jul 08, 2020 90065 Gallery 90066 Sandia Lab Helps Test and Sanitize Face Masks and Respirators 90067 90064 Jun 23, 2020 90065 News .90000 Guide to Hydraulic Oil — Lubricants for Industrial Equipment 90001 90002 Hydraulic Oil Explained — An Easy Guide 90003 90004 If you’ve ever felt the pressure of choosing the right hydraulic oil for your machinery, you’ll know all too well the minefield of information that’s out there in books or online. Instead of getting lost in the world of hydraulic fluid, hydraulic liquids or hydraulic lubricants, why not take a look at our easy to follow guide to hydraulic oil? It’s everything you need to know about hydraulic oils! 90005 90004 90007 Alternatively, give us a call on 0330 123 1444 to place a hydraulic oil order with us.Available for delivery nationwide, within 48 hours of purchase, we’ll have your business well-oiled in no time. 90008 90005 90010 Contents 90011 90002 What is hydraulic oil? 90003 90004 Hydraulic oil is a non-compressible fluid that is used to transfer power within hydraulic machinery and equipment. Otherwise known as hydraulic fluid, hydraulic oil can be 90015 synthetic- or mineral-based. 90016 90005 90004 At Crown Oil, as a hydraulic oil supplier, we deal with 99% of mineral-based hydraulic oils.90005 90004 Although this useful fluid is commonly used in the transfer of power, hydraulic fluid can act as a sealant, coolant and lubricant within machinery and equipment. 90005 90010 The main difference between synthetic and mineral based hydraulic oil 90011 90004 The majority of oils which are produced are either mineral based or synthetic. Mineral based oils, such as mineral oil hydraulic fluids, are derived from crude oil whereas synthetic hydraulic oil is man-made in a lab. 90005 90002 How do hydraulic systems work? 90003 90004 The key role of hydraulic oil in a hydraulic system is to transfer power from one end of that system to another end through and the various hydraulic components.90005 90004 When an external force is applied to the non-compressible hydraulic fluid — usually from a piston within a cylinder — the oil is pushed through the hydraulic system and ultimately produces a force on another part of the system. This results in a movement or action. 90005 90004 Usually applying force to material results in compression, so you may be wondering whether hydraulic oil is compressible or not, but a key property of hydraulic fluids is that they must be non-compressible.90005 90004 ‘Non-compressible’ means that the fluid can not be compressed. Liquids are compressible to some degree, but it is incredibly negligible and not considered for our guide. In contrast, gases are compressible, and so are not used in hydraulics. 90005 90004 90005 90002 What is hydraulic oil used for? 90003 90004 Hydraulic fluids are used in many applications across every industry. To give you an idea of ​​the vast array of uses for hydraulic fluid and why industrial hydraulic oil is so important, 90015 here are 10 examples of equipment and machinery which use hydraulic oil: 90016 90005 90044 90045 90007 Forklift Trucks 90008 — The hydraulic system within forklift trucks and stackers is important to help power the incredibly strong forks which need to lift some super-heavy goods.90048 90045 90007 Log Splitters 90008 — The ram mechanism on a hydraulic oil log splitter requires hydraulic fluid inside to give it that immense power which can split logs with ease. Log splitters are also known as wood splitters! 90048 90045 90007 Automotive Lifts 90008 — Car lifts (car jacks, automotive lifts, etc.) require hydraulic jack oil to aid their impressive power range! This type of machinery depends heavily on reliable hydraulic oil for safety as well as performance. Hydraulic fluid for a car lift tends to have a higher viscosity grade for high pressure.90048 90045 90007 Wright Standers 90008 — A wright stander is a stand on mower which is usually well-suited to cemeteries and other restrictive grassy areas. The hydraulic part of these machines requires hydraulic oil for power. 90048 90045 90007 Snow Ploughs (Snow Plows) 90008 — Hydraulic oil for a snow plough and ploughing equipment is essential in the powerful operation of the hydraulic lift, tilt and angle movements of the snow plough blade. The cold weather conditions associated with the use of a plough means that the hydraulic fluid used in a snow plough will be blended with antifreeze additives.90048 90045 90007 Skid Steers (Skidsteer Loader and Skidsteer) 90008 — Skid steer hydraulic oil is as versatile as the machine it works with. For the many tasks this machine can competently complete, hydraulic oil plays a big role at all times. 90048 90045 90007 Aircraft (aviation) 90008 — In the aviation sector, it is essential that aircraft hydraulic oil is reliable as it is used for aviation control systems, aircraft hangar doors, aircraft jacks and aircraft controls. 90048 90045 90007 Air Tools 90008 — Air tools and air compressors require high-pressure hydraulic oil which contains anti-wear additives for protection.90048 90045 90007 Tractors 90008 — Tractor hydraulic oil is necessary for the operation of hydraulic brakes and hydraulic systems on agricultural vehicles and machinery. For your hydraulic oil tractor supply, you may want to use a reputable manufacturer to ensure your expensive machinery and vehicles are well looked after and protected. 90048 90045 90007 Cruise Ships and the Marine Industry 90008 — If you’ve been lucky enough to go on a cruise ship then you’ll have felt the comforts out at sea.Hydraulic oil is used aboard many marine vessels for the stabilisers. The stabilisers reduce the amount of roll, which can affect the ship’s balance and cause you to experience unfriendly sea-motion sickness. This is just one of the many other applications on marine vessels which require hydraulic oil. 90048 90085 90002 Hydraulic fluid properties 90003 90004 The properties and characteristics of any hydraulic oil are vitally important to the capability of your hydraulic system to work within the operating conditions you need to use it in.This is especially true of industrial or commercial hydraulic oils. So, for a hydraulic oil to be useful it needs to have the below properties: 90005 90090 90045 Non-compressible 90048 90045 Thermally stable, within a range of operating temperatures 90048 90045 Fire resistance 90048 90045 Non-corrosive to its system 90048 90045 Anti-wearing to its system 90048 90045 Low tendency to cavitate 90048 90045 Tolerance to water (resistance to water contamination) 90048 90045 Total water rejection 90048 90045 Constant viscosity, regardless of temperature 90048 90045 Long life 90048 90045 Cost-effective 90048 90113 90004 Few, if any, fluids perfectly meet the above criteria.However, there is a comprehensive range of hydraulic oils that specialise in meeting the above properties for the set of conditions in which they are required to operate. Those conditions can range from being required to operate in low temperatures (winter hydraulic oil), high temperatures and a variety of others. 90005 90002 The contents of hydraulic oil 90003 90004 Hydraulic oil is made from a variety of different ingredients, with one base fluid. These ingredients can often be mixed depending on the type of oil you require.90005 90004 Generally speaking, hydraulic liquids are made up of: 90005 90004 Mineral oil 90123 Esters 90123 Glycol 90123 Silicone 90123 Ethers 90123 Esters 90123 Some other chemicals which are hard to pronounce! 90005 90004 For the varied applications of hydraulic fluid, blenders will mix the base oil with additives of different types to give the oil different properties. 90005 90002 Hydraulic oil additives 90003 90004 Depending on how you use our hydraulic oil, there will be extra additives which help it perform under different conditions.Different hydraulic fluid additives include: 90005 90004 Anti-wear — helps prolong the life of equipment and machinery, you’ll see this on AW-type hydraulic fluids. 90123 Cold Flow — additives that enable usage in extreme cold weather conditions 90123 Anti-foaming — An anti-foaming agent for hydraulic oil reduces foaming within the fluid which can be caused by detergents. This foaming can reduce the lubricating quality of the product, thus causing damage. 90123 Anti-oxidant — Allows for longer periods of use without an oil change while also reducing sludge deposits.90123 Anti-rust — Forms a protective coating which reduces the risk of rust damage from oxygen contact. 90005 90004 These additives are used on their own and together in different blends which are created for different purposes. Hydraulic oil properties can be altered depending on which additives are used, but the typical characteristics tend to be a high viscosity index and be incompressible. 90005 90004 Below is a list of common uses for hydraulic oil and the type of additive / s which may be added to the oil to help it perform at its optimum level.90005 90004 90007 Hydraulic oil for winter 90008 90005 90004 Hydraulic power is required in some of the coldest places on earth. In these cases, anti-freeze additives are used to prevent the fluid from freezing up or waxing. Low-temperature hydraulic oil is commonly used as a name for fluid which needs to be used in icy conditions. 90005 90004 90007 Hydraulic oil for high-heat applications 90008 90005 90004 Under high heat, oil becomes less viscous and flows easier, which means that it can leak or lose its required properties.Additives are used to retain viscosity for fluids used in applications involving exposure to higher temperatures. 90005 90004 90007 Hydraulic oil for heavy-duty use 90008 90005 90004 Heavy-duty hydraulic oil is necessary for high-pressure environments where the fluid needs to be able to cope with large amounts of stress. The hydraulic oil additives used here will typically contain anti-wear properties. Anti-wear hydraulic oil is one of the most common blends used in industry and construction.90005 90004 90007 Environmentally-friendly hydraulic oil 90008 90005 90004 Biodegradable hydraulic oil is used in applications where an oil spill or leak could potentially contaminate the environment. The typical base oil for biodegradable versions of hydraulic oil include rapeseed oil and some other vegetable oils. 90005 90004 Environmental hydraulic oil is a strong consideration for those using hydraulic machinery on farms, forests or similar environmentally sensitive sites. This is because the oil is made of a biodegradable base fluid, and so it will degrade naturally in the event of a spill.90005 90002 Hydraulic oil in more detail 90003 90010 Hydraulic oil classification 90011 90004 The classifications of hydraulic oil are a subgroup of different fluids with varying performance levels. Below is a list of common hydraulic oil classifications and their respective descriptions: 90005 90090 90045 HL — Refined mineral oils with anti-oxidation and anti-rust properties 90048 90045 HM — HL with improved anti-wear properties 90048 90045 HR — HL oils with VI improvers 90048 90113 90004 For a detailed list, you can speak with our knowledgeable team by calling us on 0330 123 1444 or alternatively, you can find a list of Hydraulic Oil Classifications here.90005 90010 Hydraulic oil ratings 90011 90004 When an additive company sells an additive pack, they will work alongside a particular manufacturer to create a product which works perfectly with that manufacturer’s application. This will be traceable by a hydraulic oil supplier who has used the additive in the fluid. Hydraulic oil ratings or approvals are stipulated by many end users of oil to ensure they’re using the correct fluid for their equipment. 90005 90010 Hydraulic oil analysis 90011 90004 Commonly known as condition monitoring, a hydraulic oil analysis service is used by people who want the most out of their oil before they have to change it in their hydraulic application.90005 90004 This works by sending a sample of the hydraulic oil to a lab which analyses the sample and reports back with details as to whether it’s good to use further or if it needs to be changed. This gives the end user reassurance that it is still usable and no damage can be done to expensive equipment due to dirty or worn oil. 90005 90010 Why is hydraulic oil analysis important? 90011 90004 The importance of oil analysis should be high on anybody’s list. Below is a list of just a few reasons why it should not be ignored and how it pays for itself many times over: 90005 90004 Reduces the cost involved in replacing the oil prematurely.90123 Minimises damage to your machinery by identifying issues early. 90123 Has the potential to enhance the life and performance of machinery. 90123 Reduces the risk of damage to machinery and products. 90123 Reduces the risk of injury to people and further costs in claims and damages. 90005 90010 Hydraulic oil temperature range 90011 90004 Depending on the application of hydraulic fluid, it may be subject to cold or hot temperatures. In some cases, hydraulic oil can be subjected to both hot and cold temperatures which can render the oil useless if it has not been blended with the right additives.90005 90004 Hydraulic fluids have temperature stability which means they’ll retain their properties within a particular temperature range. Anything above or below this will negatively affect the temperature stability and cause the fluid to either wax and freeze under cold conditions or lose viscosity and potentially leak under hotter temperatures. High-heat can cause rapid deterioration of hydraulic oil. 90005 90004 90007 Viscosity of hydraulic oil vs temperature 90008 90005 90004 The viscosity of hydraulic oil and temperature is closely linked.As temperature increases, the viscosity of the oil will decrease — a bit like when you put cooking oil in a cold pan it moves slowly but when the pan heats up the oil moves around very quickly and with ease. As the temperature drops hydraulic oil will become more viscous. 90005 90004 Blenders are always trying to make hydraulic oil operate effectively over a wider range of temperatures. This means they’ll go down to low temperatures and still work as effectively as the temperature increases. 90005 90004 90007 Hydraulic oil viscosity index 90008 90005 90004 To measure the change in viscosity of hydraulic oil when the temperature changes, we use the oil viscosity index (VI).If a hydraulic oil has a low viscosity index, a change in temperature will alter the viscosity more than if it has a high viscosity index. 90005 90004 Hydraulic oil with a high VI will usually be required in an application which is subjected to a greater range of ambient and / or operating temperatures. 90005 90004 A straight paraffinic mineral base oil will typically produce a fluid with a low viscosity index, whereas a paraffinic mineral base with viscosity improvers will produce a fluid with a high viscosity index.90005 90004 The SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) created a classification table (VI Scale) to show low to high viscosity levels depending on temperature ° C. Originally the scale only went up to 100 ° C but with advances in hydraulic oil blends, the scale now goes above this number! 90005 90234 90235 90236 90237 90007 Viscosity Index 90008 90240 90237 90007 Classification 90008 90240 90245 90236 90237 0-35 ° C 90240 90237 Low 90240 90245 90236 90237 35-80 ° C 90240 90237 Medium 90240 90245 90236 90237 80-110 ° C 90240 90237 High 90240 90245 90236 90237 110 ° C and greater 90240 90237 Very High 90240 90245 90270 90271 90010 Hydraulic oil viscosity explained 90011 90010 90011 90004 When it comes to hydraulic oils, viscosity is the measurement of its resistance to flow and it is an important property of hydraulic fluids.This means the fluid will resist compression at different rates depending on its viscosity and take longer to pass through an orifice as the viscosity increases. Hydraulic fluid with high viscosity will be thicker and harder to compress and move as opposed to low viscosity hydraulic oil which will be runnier and pass through easier. 90005 90004 The viscosity of a hydraulic fluid is measured in Centistokes (cSt) and usually at temperatures of 40 ° C and 100 ° C. The value will always have the temperature next to it as without this the value will be meaningless.A fluid’s viscosity is measured in a lab using a viscometer as pictured below! 90005 90004 Hydraulic oil viscosity is important for each different application. 90005 90004 The wrong viscosity could cause damage to equipment or have poor results in function. 90005 90010 Hydraulic oil viscosity conversion chart 90011 90004 90007 Please note: 90008 90005 90004 90015 Hydraulic Oil Viscosity Chart 90016 90005 90004 This chart should be read across horizontally. It assumes 96 VI single grade oils.The equivalence is in terms of viscosity at 40 ° C only. Viscosity limits are just an approximate; for precise data then you should consult your supplier, ISO, AGMA and SAE specifications. W grades are represented only in terms of approximate 40 ° C viscosity. For low-temperature limits, consult SAE specifications. 90005 90010 Hydraulic oil grades 90011 90004 90007 ISO VG 90008 — ISO Grade (where ISO is the International Standards Organisation) — the higher the VG number the more viscous the fluid is.The VG number tells you which hydraulic oil is thicker. This is sometimes referred to as the hydraulic oil weight. At the same time, grades with a W next to them indicate the weight (Unlike automobile engine oil which refers to winter oil). 90005 90004 90007 AGMA Grade 90008 — American Gear Manufacturers Association — Leaders in the standards of gear oils. 90005 90004 90007 SAE 90008 — Society of Automotive Engineers 90005 90004 In the UK, ISO VG is used mainly for grading hydraulic oil.Below is a list of common hydraulic oil ISO grades and a general guide to their applications: 90005 90004 ISO 15 Hydraulic Oil — ISO VG 15 Hydraulic Fluid is typically used in power steering and hydraulic brake systems. 90123 ISO 22 Hydraulic Oil — ISO VG 22 Hydraulic Fluid is generally used in airlines for air tools etc. 90123 ISO 32 Hydraulic Oil — ISO VG 32 Hydraulic Fluid is ideal for use in high-powered machine tools. 90123 ISO 46 Hydraulic Oil — ISO VG 46 Hydraulic Fluid is normally required for industrial plant working under high-pressure etc.90123 ISO 68 Hydraulic Oil — ISO VG 68 Hydraulic Fluid is designed for use in systems which require a large load-carrying ability. 90123 ISO 100 Hydraulic Oil — ISO VG 100 Hydraulic Fluid tends to be used in industrial machinery with heavy loads. 90005 90004 Please note that the above examples are just a rough guide and some grades may cross over. It is always best to check with your supplier or manufacturer! 90005 90010 Hydraulic oil flash point 90011 90004 The hydraulic oil flash point is the lowest temperature at which enough vapours are released from the fluid which can be combustible.90005 90004 Hydraulic fluids play an ever-important part in commercial use, and it’s vital that you source premium quality hydraulic oil from a supplier you can trust. 90005 90004 So, whether you need high-quality hydraulic oil for tractor supply, construction supply or for use in any other industry, we can supply a wide range of hydraulic fluids. 90005 90004 90007 If you still have questions on its use or simply want to place an order, you can do so by giving our friendly and knowledgeable team a call today on 0330 123 тисячу чотиреста сорок чотири.90008 90005 .